International Relations. Approaches To Poverty, Environmental Issues Essay

International Relations. Approaches To Poverty, Environmental Issues - Essay Example These set the framework within which the State, International Organisations and Non-State Actors work together. The State The state is the most important and the most central element of International Relations. This is basically because International Relations attempts to examine and evaluation the relationship between countries in the 'family of nations'. As such, the nation or the state becomes the fundamental actor that constitutes the basis of the various activities of International Relations. International Relations aims at creating a framework through which nations relate to each other. The world 'international' could be construed as a set of bilateral and multilateral systems that are used to analyse and evaluate the contact and transactions between nations and states. As such, the state forms the basic unit through which the framework for International Relations can be created and prepared for various levels of analyses and evaluation. As such, the Sovereign State becomes the basic element of International Relations. A state has permanent populations, occupies a defined territory, has a central government and is independent of other states with similar governments. As such, the government of each state has the duty of maintaining its own structures, systems and institutions. By International Law and International Convention, each nation's government is autonomous. As such, International Relations gives these governments an avenue to interact with each other. This again confirms that without states with defined boundaries, International Relations would be impossible in both the theoretical and practical sense. Although the State is the main Actor in International Relations, it is by no means the only Actor. There are other Actors that are woven into the theory of International Relations through various situations and circumstances. Basically, these Actors come to play because of the role of International Law and International Convention. They include Int ernational Organisations and Non-State Actors. International Organisations International Organisations are those organisations that have the force and authority to operate because of agreements between various nations. In other words, they come to being through international conventions and treaties. They are meant to supervise certain defined interest and requirements that allow International Relations to be carried out. Such entities vary in their authority and scope. Whereas some are very powerful and are more or less like states, others are less powerful and are set up to attain defined ends. Thus, an international organisation like the European Union, which has a supranational authority and is a system through which states have ceded a level of their authority becomes a crucial actor that has a similar merit as a state in International Relations. On the other hand, there are some other players like the World Trade Organisation, regional groupings like the South African Developm ent Community amongst others. By far, the United Nations seem to be the most powerful of International Organisations. This is because it has the mandate of almost all nations around the world and it co-ordinates the activities of major international organisations and defines the territorial integrity of nations around the world and International Law. Non-State Actors Aside States and International Organisations, there are other actors that are often called Non-State Actors in International Relations. These are entities that have or promote ties between two or more nations around th

The Impact of an Inept Management Style on the Performance and Work Case Study - 1

The Impact of an Inept Management Style on the Performance and Working Style of the People Relating to a Hematology Department - Case Study Example The first parameter deals with the aptitude and skill of the individual in problem-solving activities and in providing prompt decisions. Secondly, the selection process also needs to evaluate the interpersonal and team building skills of the individuals relating to the process of influencing subordinates to a fulfillment of organizational goals. Thirdly, the selection process involves understanding or evaluation of an individual’s potential in handling controversial or confronting issues and to work harmoniously in a pressurized job setting. Similarly, in the fourth case, the selection process should also tend to evaluate the degree of innovation incorporated in rendering new initiatives in a proactive fashion by the managerial applicants in troubleshooting problems. Finally, the selection process of the supervisors should also tend to observe the agility in the management staffs to enhance their technical and process know-how through learning. Along with the above parameters, specific tools can be incorporated, like ‘Role Playing’ that in turn contributes to the reduction of the event of Role Ambiguity in the workplace. Similarly, apart from conducting ‘Personal Interviews’ scales can be adequately designed to rate the behavioral attributes of the different applicants based on ‘Behavioral Anchored Rating Scales’. The scales can be created on a Five Point basis from ‘Very Good’ to ‘Very Poor’ rating the different parameters like ‘Interpersonal Skills’, ‘Initiative’, ‘Working under Pressure’, ‘Leadership’, ‘Prompt Decision Making Potential’ and others to thereby present an effective assessment of the individual potencies involved in matching the requirements of the role set (Rice and Burnett, n.d., p.2-5). The selection process for the supervisors can be further  enhanced through the incorporation of the 360-degree appraisal program. Incorporation of the 360-degree appraisal contributes to the gaining of effective feedback from subordinates and peers of the applicants involved such that an effective selection procedure can be implemented.